b'UNDERSTANDING LITHIUM-ION CHEMISTRY For passenger vessels,FOGHORN FOCUS Attheheartofeverylithium-ionbatteryliesasimple interplay:lithiumionsshuttlebetweenananodeandthe appeal is equally clear: cathodethroughanelectrolyteduringchargeanddis-charge.Thechoiceofmaterialsfortheseelectrodeslighter battery systems definesperformance.Commonconfigurationssuchas lithium-iron-phosphate(LFP)offerrobustness,whilemean more payload or nickel-manganese-cobalt(NMC)variantsdeliverhigher energydensity.Thesechemistriesunderpintheener- range, and longer cyclegy-to-weightadvantagethatmakeslithium-ioncompel-lingformarinepropulsionandonboardpowerneeds.At a recent quarterly meeting of the PVA Vessel Decarbon- life translates intoizationForum,ZeroMarpresentedthefollowinginfor-mation about different chemistries giving a detailed looklower maintenance over at the advantages and disadvantages of different battery chemistries. the vessels service life.MARINE APPLICATIONSAND OPERATIONAL ADVANTAGES have made it viable for maritime use. Japans Sry-class Lithium-ions high energy density and compact form factorsubmarines, for example, are fitted with lithium-ion batter-LITHIUM-ION CELLElectrolyteCurrent CollectorCurrent CollectorILLUSTRATION: ZEROMARLithium ionsAnode CathodeSeparatorFOGHORN 22'