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FOGHORN
LIFECYCLE COST COMPARISONS
When modelled over 20 years, the economics become clearer:
This pattern illustrates why more agencies and operators are 
taking a lifecycle approach rather than relying solely on pro-
curement price. As modern vessels prove their reliability and 
performance in extended service, these models are becoming 
more grounded in real world data rather than assumptions.
MATCHING TECHNOLOGIES 
TO ROUTE PROFILES
Route characteristics ultimately determine which propul-
sion technology offers the best long-term performance.
Short, frequent routes (< 3 NM)
Electric displacement vessels often excel, benefiting from reg-
ular charging opportunities and lower speed requirements.
Medium distance commuter routes (3-50 NM)
Here, high-speed operation, tight schedules, and cost sen-
sitivities create conditions where hydrofoil electric vessels 
offer notable advantages. It is in this space that vessels like 
the Artemis EF-24 Passenger exemplify how efficiency and 
reduced charging demands can support demanding com-
muter patterns.
Long range or low utilization routes
Diesel or hybrid vessels remain practical where charging 
opportunities are limited or where long distances must be 
covered without stops.
The future fleet will therefore be eclectic-each vessel type 
matched to the specific constraints and opportunities of 
its route.
THE RISE OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS 
AND OPERATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Advances in propulsion are paralleled by developments 
in digital safety and control systems. Collision avoidance 
technologies now integrate radar, optical computer vision, 
and short wave infrared imaging to detect small objects-in-
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