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are shorter but often have more traffic patterns within 
them. These routes also have more stops, and the crew 
must regularly move between wheelhouse and deck based 
on responsibilities. Now, there is a second person joining 
the wheelhouse to stand watch, an extra set of eyes scan-
ning for whales. While the second watchstander has aided 
efforts to avoid a whale strike, it has the added benefit of 
offering crew the opportunity for a higher level of training 
which many are seeking. 
The operation understands that there are times when 
traffic concerns make it impossible to avoid an area with 
whales. In these cases, vessels are to treat the area as a min-
imum wake zone and give a wide berth to the creatures. 
Part of the company’s policy is to document all their efforts 
to protect whales. From the second watchstander specifi-
cally on the lookout for whales to treating part of a route 
as a minimum wake zone, all steps taken to avoid a whale 
strike are logged. The team is focused on consistency, mak-
ing sure that all possible efforts are made on every trip.
Heeter is also a part of the HSC SF’s Marine Mammal 
Subcommittee which partnered with the Marine Mammal 
Center to develop a program called Whale Smart which 
will offer education and training for commercial operators 
to help enhance whale safety efforts. The program will 
be introduced on a learning management system, Heeter 
explained, and will educate captains on whale strike mit-
igation, whale species identification, whale behavior, past 
practices, and more. 
All the work being done so far has led to a wealth of data 
that is helping not only vessel operators but also marine 
biologist. The operators are recording details such as whale 
behavior, what the creatures are doing during different tide 
cycles, which locations they’re in, and their feeding habits 
based on the tides. Some of this has provided new insights 
to scientists studying the animals. 
The data is also an end goal for the operators. “We feel like 
if we could get enough data, Heeter said, “we could plan 
our routes based on whether it was flooding, whether it was 
slack, whether it was ebbing, and we could use the protocol 
lanes to our advantage.” To help gather more information 
one of the next steps will be to begin using WhaleSpotter, 
an AI and thermal imaging technology that helps to detect 
whales even in total darkness. 
Cameras are mounted to boats and static locations such as 
islands and bridges and scan the water continuously. Crew, 
control rooms, and operational dashboards are alerted to the 
detection of the presence of a whale. According to Whale-
Spotter’s site, detections are reviewed within seconds and 
verified by trained experts around the clock leading to almost 
zero false positives. The long-term goal is to have that data 
also appear on the electronic chart systems (ECS) computers 
as electronic aids to navigation (ATONs) so that vessels would 
see the location of whales in the area right on their screens. 
Heeter noted that they hope to get cameras posted on such 
places at the Bay Bridge or Angel Island. Each location is 
overseen by a different entity or organization so it will take 
time and effort to get all stakeholders on board. He said 
they already have engineers looking at how to mount the 
cameras on their boats so the opportunity to utilize this 
technology is growing closer. 
While great strides have been made with the new initiatives, 
Heeter said there is still a lot of work to do. “What we’re doing 
is not enough, and that’s something that I want to make sure 
everybody knows,” he said. “We didn’t accomplish enough 
yet.” The whale season started in the region at the beginning 
of March and as of the end of April, there were already five 
dead whales recorded. Last year there were 20 dead whales 
found in the Bay, which all had hoped was an anomaly. Nec-
ropsies are performed, when possible, but it can be hard to 
know the exact cause of death. One deceased whale was pho-
tographed outside the Bay Bridge; it’s believed to have floated 
into the Bay with the tide and not a death caused by a vessel 
strike. Some whales may be struck by vessels after dying. 
The cause for the surge in whale populations in the area has 
not yet been determined. People agree that several whales 
last year appeared to be sick or starving or both. Some have 
speculated there was a food source shortage in summer 
when the whales were in Alaska and that they didn’t get 
enough to eat. Another theory was that an algae bloom 
further south had sickened some of the whales. “After lis-
tening to enough experts,” Heeter said, “the one common 
theme was nobody really knows. It’s just speculation.” One 
certainty is that it is early to have five dead whales, he not-
ed. “It’s not a good start [to the season].”
While  there is more work to be done, Heeter is hopeful 
that the technology being adopted will make a significant 
difference in the endeavors to collect data on whales and 
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