b'LEGISLATIVEREPORTpredicts that the engine replacement process will be complete by 2022. Of course, this mandate affects only vessels that operate in California.As for newly constructed har-borcraft vessels in California, Tier 3 engines must be incorporated into new passenger vessels while Tier 4 engines are mandated for most ferries. The first U.S. ferry vessel with Tier 4 emission performancethe Pyxiswas placed into service this year by the San Francisco Bay Waterborne Emergency Transportation Authority (WETA).It will be joined by two sister vessels soon.CARB is considering whether to toughen its commercial harbor-craft emissions rule, and if so, how. Representatives of CARB attended the PVA Western Region meeting in Incline Village, NV, on October 28-30 to discuss this project.Elsewhere, three new vessels ordered by the Staten Island Ferry to be built at Eastern Shipbuilding, Panama City, FL, will feature Tier 4 engines.Internationally, the shipping industry has embarked on a process to meaningfully reduce its emissions of carbon dioxide and other green-house gasses.The ambitious eventual goal is the decarbonization of the maritime industry worldwide. Earlier this year, the International Maritime Organization, an entity of the United Nations, committed to having its member-states achieve a reduction of overall greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent compared to 2008 levels. Newly-built oceangoing ships must be assigned an energy efficiency design index, and all ship operators must develop a ship energy efficiency man-agement plan. As of now, there are no comparable domestic requirements of this type, but it is fair to wonder when they might be proposed for passenger vessels operating domestically in the United States.At some point in the future, we can expect that EPA will turn its regulatory attention to greenhouse gas emissions from marine sources. EPA has pre-viously made an endangerment OCTOBER 2019FOGHORN 29'