b'financial problems. Just about anything can trigger a shooter. Aboutees. If these signs or actions go without any interference, it could lead FOGHORN FOCUS 90 percent of shooters had some kind of suicidal tendencies prior toto workplace violence. The HR team must know how to create a threat the attack. assessment and know when its time to call the authorities. There are several threat assessment tools available online. These tools will help PRE-ATTACK BEHAVIORS evaluate the employee and, if possible, solve his grievance before it leads Approximately 77 percent of attackers spent days, weeks, or monthsto violence.planning the attack, and 44 percent spent more than a week preparing and procuring weapons, ammunition, and other means. In the case of the Las Vegas shooter, he spent an entire week bringing 23 weap-ons and 1,100 rounds of ammo to his suite on the 32nd floor of theReview your security measures Mandalay Bay Hotel with the bellmen unwittingly helping him. Most shooters display three to five concerning behaviors that are observedprior to boarding. Most attackers by others. Unfortunately, 88 percent of those people who notice worri- will falter when met with anysome behaviors did nothing or failed to report what they saw.kind of resistance. LEAKAGEA large percentage of shooters leak or broadcast their intention to do something or harm others. Something may be said to co workers, family, or fellow students. In the case of the Columbine shooting, aNext, look at your Emergency Response Plan (ERP). Make sure it is dozen students were told by the shooters to not be in the lobby comeup to date and that the crew is familiar with it. Are you in a region that Monday morning, none of them reported this to an adult. Other formshas a Vessel Mutual Assistance Program (VMAP) and do you know of leakage were done through written manifestos or letters. Some ofhow to active it? Is the phone tree current and do you have alternative these statements were observed on social media or in the attackersdocking locations listed?browser history. In other cases, it may be instances of observed assault or aggressive behavior by the shooter. Of student shooters, 90 percentReview your security measures prior to boarding. Most attackers displayed some form of leakage prior to the attack. A little vigilancewill falter when met with any kind of resistance. Are you screening and training will go a long way. A comprehensive plan may be the bestand monitoring your guests according to plan? Can this be seen if way to prevent an attack. a potential attacker is studying your operation? Remember that an attacker will spend a long time preparing and will most likely be watching your security measures to determine the best way to get weapons and ammunition onboard without being detected. Lan-The basic structure of your planguage on your website about security measure is a great deterrent. The best way to stop a shooter on the boat is to not let him on the should cover three main areas: boat in the first place.what to do before, during, and DURING AN ATTACKafter an attack.This leads to the second step: what to do during an attack. Run, hide, fight is the most common approach taken when training people on how to handle an active shooter scenario. We modified that approach a little and use run or evade, hide and barricade, and fight. ELEMENTS TO A COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING PROGRAMThe basic structure of your plan should cover three main areas: what to do before, during, and after an attack. For any of these steps, your operation can handle planning and training in-house or can use aStaff should know all the exits,third-party company. Ive used both and highly recommend you use a third party who can teach a six to eight-hour course which includesaccess points, and routes on the the elements listed below. Before an attack is the time to train your staff and crew on what they should do in an active shooter scenario. Repeat- vessel to enable themselvesed training and drills will help them act without hesitation to protectand passengers to quickly move passengers and crew in a threatening situation. away from an assailant. BEFORE AN ATTACKFirst, take a look at your human resources (HR) plans. How do they address a crew member who displays one or more of the concerning be-haviors? Your plans will vary depending on what state you live in. TheRun or evadeHR team is an essential line of defense as they need to adhere to federal,Staff should know all the exits, access points, and routes on the vessel state, and local labor and employment laws and including OSHA. Thisto enable themselves and passengers to quickly move away from an department will understand how to protect the employee and the crew.assailant. Crew should also plan to throw life jackets into the water as They will know when to disclose information and when to keep infor- people will likely jump overboard to try to escape the attack. Above mation private. Professionals in HR must look for and understand theall, your team should train for chaos so that they can act as calmly as warning signs and concerning and problematic behaviors of employ- possible under duress. FOGHORN 10'